public class EnglishGrammaticalRelations
extends java.lang.Object
EnglishGrammaticalRelations
is a
set of GrammaticalRelation
objects for the English language.
These relations are commonly called Stanford Dependencies (SD).
Grammatical relations can either be shown in their basic form, where each
input token receives a relation, or "collapsed" which does certain normalizations
which group words or turns them into relations. See
EnglishGrammaticalStructure
. What is presented here mainly
shows the basic form, though there is some mixture. The "collapsed" grammatical
relations primarily differ as follows:
GrammaticalRelation
for details of fields and matching.
If using LexicalizedParser, it should be run with the
-retainTmpSubcategories
option and one of the
-splitTMP
options (e.g., -splitTMP 1
) in order to
get the temporal NP dependencies maximally right!
Implementation notes: Don't change the set of GRs without discussing it
with people first. If a change is needed, to add a new grammatical relation:
values
array at the end of the file.GrammaticalStructure
,
GrammaticalRelation
,
EnglishGrammaticalStructure
Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
---|---|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADJECTIVAL_COMPLEMENT
The "adjectival complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
The "adjectival modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
The "adverbial clause modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
The "adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AGENT
The "agent" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
The "appositional modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
ARGUMENT
The "argument" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AUX_MODIFIER
The "auxiliary" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
The "passive auxiliary" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
The "clausal complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "clausal passive subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
The "clausal subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COMPLEMENT
The "complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
CONJUNCT
The "conjunct" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COORDINATION
The "coordination" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
COPULA
The "copula" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DETERMINER
The "determiner" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DIRECT_OBJECT
The "direct object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
The "discourse element" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
EXPLETIVE
The "expletive" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
GOES_WITH
The "goes with" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
INDIRECT_OBJECT
The "indirect object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MARKER
The "marker" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MODIFIER
The "modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
The "multi-word expression" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NEGATION_MODIFIER
The "negation modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
The "nominal passive subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOMINAL_SUBJECT
The "nominal subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NOUN_COMPOUND_MODIFIER
The "noun compound modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
The "noun phrase as adverbial modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NUMBER_MODIFIER
The "compound number modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
NUMERIC_MODIFIER
The "numeric modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
OBJECT
The "object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PARATAXIS
The "parataxis" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
The "phrasal verb particle" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
POSSESSION_MODIFIER
The "possession" grammatical relation between the possessum and the possessor.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
POSSESSIVE_MODIFIER
The "possessive" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PRECONJUNCT
The "preconjunct" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREDETERMINER
The "predeterminer" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREDICATE
The "predicate" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREPOSITIONAL_COMPLEMENT
The "prepositional complement" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
The "prepositional modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PREPOSITIONAL_OBJECT
The "prepositional object" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
PUNCTUATION
The "punctuation" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
QUANTIFIER_MODIFIER
The "quantifier phrase modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
REFERENT
The "referent" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
RELATIVE
The RELATIVE grammatical relation is only here as a temporary
relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
The "relative clause modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
The "semantic dependent" grammatical relation has been
introduced as a supertype for the controlling subject relation.
|
static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation> |
shortNameToGRel |
static GrammaticalRelation |
SUBJECT
The "subject" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
The "temporal modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock |
valuesLock |
static GrammaticalRelation |
VERBAL_MODIFIER
The "verb modifier" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a VP or an ADJP is a clausal
complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an
external subject.
|
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
static GrammaticalRelation |
getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)
The "conj" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getConjs() |
static GrammaticalRelation |
getPrep(java.lang.String prepositionString)
The "prep" grammatical relation.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
getPrepC(java.lang.String prepositionString)
The "prepc" grammatical relation.
|
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getPreps() |
static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> |
getPrepsC() |
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args)
Prints out the English grammatical relations hierarchy.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
valueOf(java.lang.Object o)
Returns an EnglishGrammaticalRelation based on the argument.
|
static GrammaticalRelation |
valueOf(java.lang.String s)
Returns the EnglishGrammaticalRelation having the given string
representation (e.g.
|
static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> |
values() |
static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> |
values(boolean threadSafe) |
static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock |
valuesLock() |
public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDICATE
Example:
pred
(Reagan, died)public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_MODIFIER
Example:
aux
(died, has)public static final GrammaticalRelation AUX_PASSIVE_MODIFIER
auxpass
(killed, been)public static final GrammaticalRelation COPULA
Examples:
cop
(big, is) cop
(man, is)public static final GrammaticalRelation CONJUNCT
Example:
conj
(big, honest)
Note:Modified in 2010 to exclude the case of a CC/CONJP first in its phrase: it has to conjoin things.public static final GrammaticalRelation COORDINATION
cc
(big, and)public static final GrammaticalRelation PUNCTUATION
punct
(Go, !)
The condition for NFP to appear hear is that it does not match the emoticon patterns under discourse.public static final GrammaticalRelation ARGUMENT
Example:
arg
(defeated, Clinton), arg
(defeated, Dole)public static final GrammaticalRelation SUBJECT
Examples:
subj
(defeated, Clinton) subj
(is, What she said)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_SUBJECT
Example:
nsubj
(defeated, Clinton)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOMINAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
Example:
nsubjpass
(defeated, Dole)
This pattern recognizes basic (non-coordinated) examples. The coordinated examples are currently handled by correctDependencies() in EnglishGrammaticalStructure. This seemed more accurate than any tregex expression we could come up with.
public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_SUBJECT
Examples: (subject is "what she said" in both examples)
csubj
(makes, said) csubj
(untrue, said)public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_PASSIVE_SUBJECT
Example: (subject is "that she lied")
csubjpass
(suspected, lied)public static final GrammaticalRelation COMPLEMENT
Examples:
comp
(gave, me),
comp
(gave, a raise) comp
(like, to swim)public static final GrammaticalRelation OBJECT
Examples:
obj
(gave, me),
obj
(gave, raise)public static final GrammaticalRelation DIRECT_OBJECT
Example:
dobj
(gave, raise)
Note that dobj can also be assigned by the conversion of rel in the postprocessing.public static final GrammaticalRelation INDIRECT_OBJECT
iobj
(gave, me)public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_OBJECT
pobj
(on, chair)
(The preposition can be called a FW for pace, versus, etc. It can also
be called a CC - but we don't currently handle that and would need to
distinguish from conjoined PPs. Jan 2010 update: We now insist that the
NP must follow the preposition. This prevents a preceding NP measure
phrase being matched as a pobj. We do allow a preposition tagged RB
followed by an NP pobj, as happens in the Penn Treebank for adverbial uses
of PP like "up 19%")public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_COMPLEMENT
pcomp
(on, are) pcomp
(about, missing) pcomp
(than, in)public static final GrammaticalRelation CLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
Example:
ccomp
(says, like) ccomp
(certain, did) ccomp
(fact, honest)public static final GrammaticalRelation XCLAUSAL_COMPLEMENT
xcomp
(like, swim) xcomp
(ready, leave)public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE
public static final GrammaticalRelation REFERENT
ref
(book, which) ref
(book, which)public static final GrammaticalRelation EXPLETIVE
expl
(is, there)public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_COMPLEMENT
Example:
acomp
(looks, beautiful)public static final GrammaticalRelation MODIFIER
ARGUMENT
of that
VP); a modifier of a clause is an modifier of the VP which is
the predicate of that clause.Examples:
mod
(swam, in the pool),
mod
(swam, last night)public static final GrammaticalRelation ADV_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
advcl
(happened, falling) advcl
(tell, know)public static final GrammaticalRelation RELATIVE_CLAUSE_MODIFIER
rcmod
(man, love) rcmod
(book, bought)public static final GrammaticalRelation MARKER
mark
(launched, after)public static final GrammaticalRelation ADJECTIVAL_MODIFIER
Example:
amod
(meat, red)
The relation amod is also used for multiword country adjectives, despite their
questionable treebank representation.
Example: amod
(German, West),
amod
(economy, German)public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMERIC_MODIFIER
Example:
num
(sheep, 3)public static final GrammaticalRelation NUMBER_MODIFIER
number
($, billion)public static final GrammaticalRelation QUANTIFIER_MODIFIER
quantmod
(200, About)public static final GrammaticalRelation NOUN_COMPOUND_MODIFIER
nn
(futures, oil),
nn
(futures, price) public static final GrammaticalRelation APPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
appos
(Sam, brother) appos
(Bill, cousin).
"The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)" →
appos
(Corporation, ABC)public static final GrammaticalRelation DISCOURSE_ELEMENT
public static final GrammaticalRelation VERBAL_MODIFIER
vmod
(truffles, picked) vmod
(picked, demonstrating) vmod
(points, establish) vmod
(who, judge) public static final GrammaticalRelation ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
Examples:
advmod
(modified, genetically) advmod
(often, less)public static final GrammaticalRelation NEGATION_MODIFIER
neg
(scientist, not) neg
(drive, n't)public static final GrammaticalRelation NP_ADVERBIAL_MODIFIER
npadvmod
(old, years)
npadvmod
(eased, fraction)
npadvmod
($, share)
npadvmod
(significant, itself)
npadvmod
(like, most)
public static final GrammaticalRelation TEMPORAL_MODIFIER
Example:
tmod
(swam, night)public static final GrammaticalRelation MULTI_WORD_EXPRESSION
mwe
(well, as)mwe
(well, as)
"fewer than 700 bottles" →
mwe
(than, fewer)public static final GrammaticalRelation DETERMINER
Examples:
det
(man,the) det
(man,which) public static final GrammaticalRelation PREDETERMINER
Example:
predet
(boys,all)public static final GrammaticalRelation PRECONJUNCT
preconj
(boys,both)public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSION_MODIFIER
Examples:
poss
(offices, their)poss
(clothes, Bill)public static final GrammaticalRelation POSSESSIVE_MODIFIER
Example:
possessive
(John, 's)public static final GrammaticalRelation PREPOSITIONAL_MODIFIER
Examples:
prep
(cat, in) prep
(saw, with) prep
(responsible, for)public static final GrammaticalRelation PHRASAL_VERB_PARTICLE
Example:
prt
(shut, down)public static final GrammaticalRelation PARATAXIS
Examples:
parataxis
(left,said) public static final GrammaticalRelation GOES_WITH
Example:
goeswith
(out, with)public static final GrammaticalRelation SEMANTIC_DEPENDENT
public static final GrammaticalRelation AGENT
Example:
agent
(killed, police)public static final java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock valuesLock
public static final java.util.Map<java.lang.String,GrammaticalRelation> shortNameToGRel
public static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> values()
public static java.util.List<GrammaticalRelation> values(boolean threadSafe)
public static java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock valuesLock()
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getConjs()
public static GrammaticalRelation getConj(java.lang.String conjunctionString)
conjunctionString
- The conjunction to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getPreps()
public static java.util.Collection<GrammaticalRelation> getPrepsC()
public static GrammaticalRelation getPrep(java.lang.String prepositionString)
They will be turned into prep_word, where "word" is a preposition
prepositionString
- The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static GrammaticalRelation getPrepC(java.lang.String prepositionString)
They will be turned into prep_word, where "word" is a preposition
prepositionString
- The preposition to make a GrammaticalRelation out ofpublic static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.String s)
s
- The short name of the GrammaticalRelationpublic static GrammaticalRelation valueOf(java.lang.Object o)
null
for other classes or if no string match is found.o
- A GrammaticalRelation or Stringpublic static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
EnglishGrammaticalStructure
for a main method that
will print the grammatical relations of a sentence or tree.args
- Args are ignored.