# Recording with USB turntables or USB cassette decks

From Audacity Development Manual

Audacity is often included with USB turntables, USB cassette decks or USB audio interfaces, and is suitable for recording from any USB audio device using the instructions on this page.

USB audio devices connect to the computer's USB port and are used to transfer records, or tapes, to digital audio files (from which audio CDs can be burnt). This is very useful if your computer does not have the necessary line-in port for digitizing LPs or cassettes with a conventional turntable or tape deck. USB turntables often include a line input to which standard tape decks or similar sources can be connected for transfer to the computer.

Much of the information on this page, and the pages linked to below, also apply to recording with USB tape cassette decks and audio devices connected with external USB audio interfaces.

Please see the Audacity Wiki page on USB Turntables for a fuller discussion of the operation of these devices.

Some users with extensive experience of digitizing LPs and tapes believe that connecting a good quality conventional turntable or tape deck to an external USB audio interface is an ideal solution. USB audio interfaces usually do not suffer from the transmission problems of USB turntables or tape decks, and are also free from the random clicky noise that can afflict sound devices built into computer motherboards. Moreover their analog-to-digital converter (ADC) may be superior to that provided with a USB turntable

## Ensure the Audacity software is up to date

Make sure you have the current version of Audacity as the software provided on the device manufacturer's CD can be out-of-date. Note that neither the version number of the CD nor that of any guides produced by the manufacturers necessarily relates to the Audacity version number. To check your current version of Audacity, choose Help > About Audacity in the menu (or Audacity > About Audacity on Mac). Then go to the Audacity download site and, if needed, download the latest Audacity for your operating system.

## Manufacturer's guides

The guides provided with the devices might be confusing, they are written by the device manufacturer rather than by Audacity. Sometimes the guides supplied with the devices are out-of-date or have errors. Here are some errors that you may come across:

- Many manuals state that you should "select stereo mix for your input". This is not the case, rather you should be setting the USB device as your input.

- Audacity Preferences are not under the File menu, as many manuals state. Preferences are under the Edit menu (or under the Audacity menu on Mac).

- You do not need to select Start Monitoring each time you launch Audacity, as some manuals urge you to. Monitoring the input is optional and allows you to hear the device through the computer speakers just like an ordinary turntable, or cassette deck, whenever it is playing, without having to record. If you want to select Start Monitoring, you need to have the Recording Meter enabled (note: NOT the Mixer Toolbar that some guides state). Instructions on this are below.

## Set up Audacity to record from the USB audio device

### Connect the USB device

- Connect the USB cable of the device to the computer. Connect to an empty USB port on the computer, not to a USB hub (a device that allows multiple USB devices to be connected to one of your computer's USB ports).
- Then launch Audacity.
  - If Audacity was already running when you connected the cable, choose Transport > Rescan Audio Devices or restart Audacity.

System settings needed for Windows and Mac

Windows:

1. By the system clock, right-click over the Speaker icon select Sounds then the Recording tab, and then click on the USB device in the list and click Properties. Click the Advanced tab set your required bit rate and sample rate from the Default Format dropdown (normally "2 channel 16-bit 44,100 Hz").
2. On the Advanced tab, in the "Default Format" section, make sure the dropdown menu is set to "2 channel 16-bit 44,100 Hz".

    For a more detailed walk-through of the above steps for Windows (or if that does not work for your version of Windows), see Windows: accessing the Windows Sound controls.

Mac:

1. From Apple Menu > System Preferences select "Sound" and click on the Input tab
2. Select "USB Audio CODEC" or similar as the input device and verify the Recording Meter shows input.
3. If the recording meter in the Sound preferences panel does not show input:

  1. From the Finder, select Go > Utilities and open Audio MIDI Setup.
  2. If the Audio Devices window is not visible, select Window > Show Audio Devices.
  3. Select your USB input device in the list in the left pane of the Audio Devices window.
  4. Set the Format to "44,100.0 Hz" and "2ch-16bit".
    For a more detailed walk-through of the above steps for Mac, see Mac and USB input devices on the Audacity Wiki.

### Launch Audacity

If Audacity was already running when you connected the cable, restart Audacity or choose Transport > Rescan Audio Devices.

### Project Rate

Set the Audacity Project Rate in Selection Toolbar at the bottom left of the Audacity screen to 44,100 Hz:

### Devices

Use Device Toolbar to set the recording and playback devices and to set the recording channels to "2 (Stereo) Recording Channels", as in the below example on Windows 10:

- The Recording Device is set to the USB device (in this case the device name, but often called or including the phrase "USB Audio CODEC").
- Recording Channels is set to stereo.
- The Playback Device is set to the named speakers of the built-in computer sound device.
  - These settings can also be changed in Devices Preferences.

Windows calls most USB external devices "microphones". Some higher-end USB recording interfaces may appear as their explicit manufacturer's name.

### Software Playthrough

Use Transport > Transport Options > Software Playthrough (on/off) and click "Software Playthrough" to turn it "on" (the checkmark is shown when it is "on"). This setting can also be enabled or disabled in Recording Preferences. Software Playthrough lets you hear the turntable through the computer speakers when recording. It also lets you hear the turntable without recording if you turn on monitoring (see the next section below).

### Monitoring

Enable monitoring to set the recording level

- Turn monitoring on by clicking once in the Recording Meter.
- In Mixer Toolbar, turn up the left-hand playback volume slider (by the speaker icon).
- The right-hand recording volume slider (by the microphone icon) can often be used to vary the loudness of the recording, but it may not function with all turntables. If it does not, try adjusting the output level on the turntable (often, there is a gain control under the chassis).

  Alternatively, you may be able to adjust the input level on Windows and Linux only, usually by looking for the speaker icon by the system clock. On Windows, right-click over the speaker icon > "Recording Devices". Then right-click over USB Audio Codec, choose "Properties" and click the Levels tab.

- Try to aim for a maximum peak of around \xe2\x80\x936 dB, which corresponds to around 0.5 on the waveform. You can always boost the level later with Effect > Amplify... or Effect > Normalize... after you have completed editing.

Possible solutions for excessive output volume if there is no gain control on the USB audio device:

- If the device has RCA leads for connecting to speakers and your computer has a line-in port (blue), plug the RCA leads into an RCA stereo > 1/8 inch stereo TRS adapter (obtainable from most electronics retailers), then connect the adapter to the line-in. Set Audacity to record from line-in then you can use the Audacity recording slider to control the level.
  - If you have no line-in, do not use the microphone (pink) input unless there is a way to switch it to line-level stereo or unless it offers line-level stereo compatibility.
- If the cartridge is replaceable, take it to a hi-fi shop and see if you can get a lower output cartridge. If the cartridge is ceramic (cheap USB turntables often use these) it will have a high output. Replacing this with a magnetic cartridge will give lower output and better quality.

### Recording

Then, ignoring any instructions in the manufacturer's guide to select "stereo mix", simply press the Record button in Transport Toolbar to start recording from the turntable.

## Recording, editing and exporting

Once your USB turntable or cassette deck is set up and working properly, go to the Basic Recording, Editing and Exporting section of our Tutorial - Copying tapes, LPs or MiniDiscs to CD for instructions on how to:

- make and edit your recording
- export it to an audio file
- import it to Apple Music/iTunes or Windows Media Player
- burn it to CD

## Troubleshooting

Please see Troubleshooting: Recording with USB turntables or cassette decks for troubleshooting advice.

## Links

|< Tutorial - Copying tapes, LPs or MiniDiscs to CD