import operator
import sys
import warnings
from contextlib import contextmanager
from copy import copy
from functools import singledispatch
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import Union

import numba
import numba.np.unsafe.ndarray as numba_ndarray
import numpy as np
import scipy
import scipy.special
from llvmlite import ir
from numba import types
from numba.core.errors import TypingError
from numba.cpython.unsafe.tuple import tuple_setitem  # noqa: F401
from numba.extending import box, overload

from pytensor import config
from pytensor.compile.builders import OpFromGraph
from pytensor.compile.ops import DeepCopyOp
from pytensor.graph.basic import Apply, NoParams
from pytensor.graph.fg import FunctionGraph
from pytensor.graph.type import Type
from pytensor.ifelse import IfElse
from pytensor.link.numba.dispatch.sparse import CSCMatrixType, CSRMatrixType
from pytensor.link.utils import (
    compile_function_src,
    fgraph_to_python,
    unique_name_generator,
)
from pytensor.scalar.basic import ScalarType
from pytensor.scalar.math import Softplus
from pytensor.sparse import SparseTensorType
from pytensor.tensor.blas import BatchedDot
from pytensor.tensor.math import Dot
from pytensor.tensor.shape import Reshape, Shape, Shape_i, SpecifyShape
from pytensor.tensor.slinalg import Cholesky, Solve
from pytensor.tensor.subtensor import (
    AdvancedIncSubtensor,
    AdvancedIncSubtensor1,
    AdvancedSubtensor,
    AdvancedSubtensor1,
    IncSubtensor,
    Subtensor,
)
from pytensor.tensor.type import TensorType
from pytensor.tensor.type_other import MakeSlice, NoneConst


def global_numba_func(func):
    """Use to return global numba functions in numba_funcify_*.

    This allows tests to remove the compilation using mock.
    """
    return func


def numba_njit(*args, **kwargs):
    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
    kwargs.setdefault("cache", config.numba__cache)

    if len(args) > 0 and callable(args[0]):
        return numba.njit(*args[1:], **kwargs)(args[0])

    return numba.njit(*args, **kwargs)


def numba_vectorize(*args, **kwargs):
    if len(args) > 0 and callable(args[0]):
        return numba.vectorize(*args[1:], cache=config.numba__cache, **kwargs)(args[0])

    return numba.vectorize(*args, cache=config.numba__cache, **kwargs)


def get_numba_type(
    pytensor_type: Type,
    layout: str = "A",
    force_scalar: bool = False,
    reduce_to_scalar: bool = False,
) -> numba.types.Type:
    r"""Create a Numba type object for a :class:`Type`.

    Parameters
    ----------
    pytensor_type
        The :class:`Type` to convert.
    layout
        The :class:`numpy.ndarray` layout to use.
    force_scalar
        Ignore dimension information and return the corresponding Numba scalar types.
    reduce_to_scalar
        Return Numba scalars for zero dimensional :class:`TensorType`\s.
    """

    if isinstance(pytensor_type, TensorType):
        dtype = pytensor_type.numpy_dtype
        numba_dtype = numba.from_dtype(dtype)
        if force_scalar or (
            reduce_to_scalar and getattr(pytensor_type, "ndim", None) == 0
        ):
            return numba_dtype
        return numba.types.Array(numba_dtype, pytensor_type.ndim, layout)
    elif isinstance(pytensor_type, ScalarType):
        dtype = np.dtype(pytensor_type.dtype)
        numba_dtype = numba.from_dtype(dtype)
        return numba_dtype
    elif isinstance(pytensor_type, SparseTensorType):
        dtype = pytensor_type.numpy_dtype
        numba_dtype = numba.from_dtype(dtype)
        if pytensor_type.format == "csr":
            return CSRMatrixType(numba_dtype)
        if pytensor_type.format == "csc":
            return CSCMatrixType(numba_dtype)

        raise NotImplementedError()
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError(f"Numba type not implemented for {pytensor_type}")


def create_numba_signature(
    node_or_fgraph: Union[FunctionGraph, Apply],
    force_scalar: bool = False,
    reduce_to_scalar: bool = False,
) -> numba.types.Type:
    """Create a Numba type for the signature of an `Apply` node or `FunctionGraph`."""
    input_types = []
    for inp in node_or_fgraph.inputs:
        input_types.append(
            get_numba_type(
                inp.type, force_scalar=force_scalar, reduce_to_scalar=reduce_to_scalar
            )
        )

    output_types = []
    for out in node_or_fgraph.outputs:
        output_types.append(
            get_numba_type(
                out.type, force_scalar=force_scalar, reduce_to_scalar=reduce_to_scalar
            )
        )

    if len(output_types) > 1:
        return numba.types.Tuple(output_types)(*input_types)
    elif len(output_types) == 1:
        return output_types[0](*input_types)
    else:
        return numba.types.void(*input_types)


def slice_new(self, start, stop, step):
    fnty = ir.FunctionType(self.pyobj, [self.pyobj, self.pyobj, self.pyobj])
    fn = self._get_function(fnty, name="PySlice_New")
    return self.builder.call(fn, [start, stop, step])


def enable_slice_boxing():
    """Enable boxing for Numba's native ``slice``s.

    TODO: this can be removed when https://github.com/numba/numba/pull/6939 is
    merged and a release is made.
    """

    @box(types.SliceType)
    def box_slice(typ, val, c):
        """Implement boxing for ``slice`` objects in Numba.

        This makes it possible to return an Numba's internal representation of a
        ``slice`` object as a proper ``slice`` to Python.
        """
        start = c.builder.extract_value(val, 0)
        stop = c.builder.extract_value(val, 1)

        none_val = ir.Constant(ir.IntType(64), sys.maxsize)

        start_is_none = c.builder.icmp_signed("==", start, none_val)
        start = c.builder.select(
            start_is_none,
            c.pyapi.get_null_object(),
            c.box(types.int64, start),
        )

        stop_is_none = c.builder.icmp_signed("==", stop, none_val)
        stop = c.builder.select(
            stop_is_none,
            c.pyapi.get_null_object(),
            c.box(types.int64, stop),
        )

        if typ.has_step:
            step = c.builder.extract_value(val, 2)
            step_is_none = c.builder.icmp_signed("==", step, none_val)
            step = c.builder.select(
                step_is_none,
                c.pyapi.get_null_object(),
                c.box(types.int64, step),
            )
        else:
            step = c.pyapi.get_null_object()

        slice_val = slice_new(c.pyapi, start, stop, step)

        return slice_val

    @numba.extending.overload(operator.contains)
    def in_seq_empty_tuple(x, y):
        if isinstance(x, types.Tuple) and not x.types:
            return lambda x, y: False


enable_slice_boxing()


def to_scalar(x):
    return np.asarray(x).item()


@numba.extending.overload(to_scalar)
def impl_to_scalar(x):
    if isinstance(x, (numba.types.Number, numba.types.Boolean)):
        return lambda x: x
    elif isinstance(x, numba.types.Array):
        return lambda x: x.item()
    else:
        raise TypingError(f"{x} must be a scalar compatible type.")


def enable_slice_literals():
    """Enable lowering for ``SliceLiteral``s.

    TODO: This can be removed once https://github.com/numba/numba/pull/6996 is merged
    and a release is made.
    """
    from numba.core import types
    from numba.core.datamodel.models import SliceModel
    from numba.core.datamodel.registry import register_default
    from numba.core.imputils import lower_cast, lower_constant
    from numba.core.types.misc import SliceLiteral
    from numba.cpython.slicing import get_defaults

    register_default(numba.types.misc.SliceLiteral)(SliceModel)

    @property
    def key(self):
        return self.name

    SliceLiteral.key = key

    def make_slice_from_constant(context, builder, ty, pyval):
        sli = context.make_helper(builder, ty)
        lty = context.get_value_type(types.intp)

        (
            default_start_pos,
            default_start_neg,
            default_stop_pos,
            default_stop_neg,
            default_step,
        ) = (context.get_constant(types.intp, x) for x in get_defaults(context))

        step = pyval.step
        if step is None:
            step_is_neg = False
            step = default_step
        else:
            step_is_neg = step < 0
            step = lty(step)

        start = pyval.start
        if start is None:
            if step_is_neg:
                start = default_start_neg
            else:
                start = default_start_pos
        else:
            start = lty(start)

        stop = pyval.stop
        if stop is None:
            if step_is_neg:
                stop = default_stop_neg
            else:
                stop = default_stop_pos
        else:
            stop = lty(stop)

        sli.start = start
        sli.stop = stop
        sli.step = step

        return sli._getvalue()

    @lower_constant(numba.types.SliceType)
    def constant_slice(context, builder, ty, pyval):
        if isinstance(ty, types.Literal):
            typ = ty.literal_type
        else:
            typ = ty

        return make_slice_from_constant(context, builder, typ, pyval)

    @lower_cast(numba.types.misc.SliceLiteral, numba.types.SliceType)
    def cast_from_literal(context, builder, fromty, toty, val):
        return make_slice_from_constant(
            context,
            builder,
            toty,
            fromty.literal_value,
        )


enable_slice_literals()


def create_tuple_creator(f, n):
    """Construct a compile-time ``tuple``-comprehension-like loop.

    See https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/2771#issuecomment-414358902
    """
    assert n > 0

    f = numba_njit(f)

    @numba_njit
    def creator(args):
        return (f(0, *args),)

    for i in range(1, n):

        @numba_njit
        def creator(args, creator=creator, i=i):
            return creator(args) + (f(i, *args),)

    return numba_njit(lambda *args: creator(args))


def create_tuple_string(x):
    args = ", ".join(x + ([""] if len(x) == 1 else []))
    return f"({args})"


def create_arg_string(x):
    args = ", ".join(x)
    return args


@contextmanager
def use_optimized_cheap_pass(*args, **kwargs):
    """Temporarily replace the cheap optimization pass with a better one."""
    from numba.core.registry import cpu_target

    context = cpu_target.target_context._internal_codegen
    old_pm = context._mpm_cheap
    new_pm = context._module_pass_manager(
        loop_vectorize=True, slp_vectorize=True, opt=3, cost="cheap"
    )
    context._mpm_cheap = new_pm
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        context._mpm_cheap = old_pm


@singledispatch
def numba_typify(data, dtype=None, **kwargs):
    return data


def generate_fallback_impl(op, node=None, storage_map=None, **kwargs):
    """Create a Numba compatible function from an Aesara `Op`."""

    warnings.warn(
        f"Numba will use object mode to run {op}'s perform method",
        UserWarning,
    )

    n_outputs = len(node.outputs)

    if n_outputs > 1:
        ret_sig = numba.types.Tuple([get_numba_type(o.type) for o in node.outputs])
    else:
        ret_sig = get_numba_type(node.outputs[0].type)

    output_types = tuple(out.type for out in node.outputs)
    params = node.run_params()

    if params is not NoParams:
        params_val = dict(node.params_type.filter(params))

        def py_perform(inputs):
            outputs = [[None] for i in range(n_outputs)]
            op.perform(node, inputs, outputs, params_val)
            return outputs

    else:

        def py_perform(inputs):
            outputs = [[None] for i in range(n_outputs)]
            op.perform(node, inputs, outputs)
            return outputs

    if n_outputs == 1:

        def py_perform_return(inputs):
            return output_types[0].filter(py_perform(inputs)[0][0])

    else:

        def py_perform_return(inputs):
            return tuple(
                out_type.filter(out[0])
                for out_type, out in zip(output_types, py_perform(inputs))
            )

    @numba_njit
    def perform(*inputs):
        with numba.objmode(ret=ret_sig):
            ret = py_perform_return(inputs)
        return ret

    return perform


@singledispatch
def numba_funcify(op, node=None, storage_map=None, **kwargs):
    """Generate a numba function for a given op and apply node."""
    return generate_fallback_impl(op, node, storage_map, **kwargs)


@numba_funcify.register(OpFromGraph)
def numba_funcify_OpFromGraph(op, node=None, **kwargs):
    _ = kwargs.pop("storage_map", None)

    fgraph_fn = numba_njit(numba_funcify(op.fgraph, **kwargs))

    if len(op.fgraph.outputs) == 1:

        @numba_njit
        def opfromgraph(*inputs):
            return fgraph_fn(*inputs)[0]

    else:

        @numba_njit
        def opfromgraph(*inputs):
            return fgraph_fn(*inputs)

    return opfromgraph


@numba_funcify.register(FunctionGraph)
def numba_funcify_FunctionGraph(
    fgraph,
    node=None,
    fgraph_name="numba_funcified_fgraph",
    **kwargs,
):
    return fgraph_to_python(
        fgraph,
        numba_funcify,
        type_conversion_fn=numba_typify,
        fgraph_name=fgraph_name,
        **kwargs,
    )


def create_index_func(node, objmode=False):
    """Create a Python function that assembles and uses an index on an array."""

    unique_names = unique_name_generator(
        ["subtensor", "incsubtensor", "z"], suffix_sep="_"
    )

    def convert_indices(indices, entry):
        if indices and isinstance(entry, Type):
            rval = indices.pop(0)
            return unique_names(rval)
        elif isinstance(entry, slice):
            return (
                f"slice({convert_indices(indices, entry.start)}, "
                f"{convert_indices(indices, entry.stop)}, "
                f"{convert_indices(indices, entry.step)})"
            )
        elif isinstance(entry, type(None)):
            return "None"
        else:
            raise ValueError()

    set_or_inc = isinstance(
        node.op, (IncSubtensor, AdvancedIncSubtensor1, AdvancedIncSubtensor)
    )
    index_start_idx = 1 + int(set_or_inc)

    input_names = [unique_names(v, force_unique=True) for v in node.inputs]
    op_indices = list(node.inputs[index_start_idx:])
    idx_list = getattr(node.op, "idx_list", None)

    indices_creation_src = (
        tuple(convert_indices(op_indices, idx) for idx in idx_list)
        if idx_list
        else tuple(input_names[index_start_idx:])
    )

    if len(indices_creation_src) == 1:
        indices_creation_src = f"indices = ({indices_creation_src[0]},)"
    else:
        indices_creation_src = ", ".join(indices_creation_src)
        indices_creation_src = f"indices = ({indices_creation_src})"

    if set_or_inc:
        fn_name = "incsubtensor"
        if node.op.inplace:
            index_prologue = f"z = {input_names[0]}"
        else:
            index_prologue = f"z = np.copy({input_names[0]})"

        if node.inputs[1].ndim == 0:
            # TODO FIXME: This is a hack to get around a weird Numba typing
            # issue.  See https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/6000
            y_name = f"{input_names[1]}.item()"
        else:
            y_name = input_names[1]

        if node.op.set_instead_of_inc:
            index_body = f"z[indices] = {y_name}"
        else:
            index_body = f"z[indices] += {y_name}"
    else:
        fn_name = "subtensor"
        index_prologue = ""
        index_body = f"z = {input_names[0]}[indices]"

    if objmode:
        output_var = node.outputs[0]

        if not set_or_inc:
            # Since `z` is being "created" while in object mode, it's
            # considered an "outgoing" variable and needs to be manually typed
            output_sig = f"z='{output_var.dtype}[{', '.join([':'] * output_var.ndim)}]'"
        else:
            output_sig = ""

        index_body = f"""
    with objmode({output_sig}):
        {index_body}
        """

    subtensor_def_src = f"""
def {fn_name}({", ".join(input_names)}):
    {index_prologue}
    {indices_creation_src}
    {index_body}
    return np.asarray(z)
    """

    return subtensor_def_src


@numba_funcify.register(Subtensor)
@numba_funcify.register(AdvancedSubtensor1)
def numba_funcify_Subtensor(op, node, **kwargs):
    subtensor_def_src = create_index_func(
        node, objmode=isinstance(op, AdvancedSubtensor)
    )

    global_env = {"np": np, "objmode": numba.objmode}

    subtensor_fn = compile_function_src(
        subtensor_def_src, "subtensor", {**globals(), **global_env}
    )

    return numba_njit(subtensor_fn, boundscheck=True)


@numba_funcify.register(IncSubtensor)
def numba_funcify_IncSubtensor(op, node, **kwargs):
    incsubtensor_def_src = create_index_func(
        node, objmode=isinstance(op, AdvancedIncSubtensor)
    )

    global_env = {"np": np, "objmode": numba.objmode}

    incsubtensor_fn = compile_function_src(
        incsubtensor_def_src, "incsubtensor", {**globals(), **global_env}
    )

    return numba_njit(incsubtensor_fn, boundscheck=True)


@numba_njit(boundscheck=True)
def advancedincsubtensor1_inplace_set(x, vals, idxs):
    for idx, val in zip(idxs, vals):
        x[idx] = val
    return x


@numba_njit(boundscheck=True)
def advancedincsubtensor1_inplace_inc(x, vals, idxs):
    for idx, val in zip(idxs, vals):
        x[idx] += val
    return x


@numba_funcify.register(AdvancedIncSubtensor1)
def numba_funcify_AdvancedIncSubtensor1(op, node, **kwargs):
    inplace = op.inplace
    set_instead_of_inc = op.set_instead_of_inc

    if set_instead_of_inc:
        advancedincsubtensor1_inplace = global_numba_func(
            advancedincsubtensor1_inplace_set
        )
    else:
        advancedincsubtensor1_inplace = global_numba_func(
            advancedincsubtensor1_inplace_inc
        )

    if inplace:
        return global_numba_func(advancedincsubtensor1_inplace)
    else:

        @numba_njit
        def advancedincsubtensor1(x, vals, idxs):
            x = x.copy()
            return advancedincsubtensor1_inplace(x, vals, idxs)

        return advancedincsubtensor1


def deepcopyop(x):
    return copy(x)


@overload(deepcopyop)
def dispatch_deepcopyop(x):
    if isinstance(x, types.Array):
        return lambda x: np.copy(x)

    return lambda x: x


@numba_funcify.register(DeepCopyOp)
def numba_funcify_DeepCopyOp(op, node, **kwargs):
    return deepcopyop


@numba_njit
def makeslice(*x):
    return slice(*x)


@numba_funcify.register(MakeSlice)
def numba_funcify_MakeSlice(op, **kwargs):
    return global_numba_func(makeslice)


@numba_njit
def shape(x):
    return np.asarray(np.shape(x))


@numba_funcify.register(Shape)
def numba_funcify_Shape(op, **kwargs):
    return global_numba_func(shape)


@numba_funcify.register(Shape_i)
def numba_funcify_Shape_i(op, **kwargs):
    i = op.i

    @numba_njit
    def shape_i(x):
        return np.asarray(np.shape(x)[i])

    return shape_i


@numba.extending.intrinsic
def direct_cast(typingctx, val, typ):
    if isinstance(typ, numba.types.TypeRef):
        casted = typ.instance_type
    elif isinstance(typ, numba.types.DTypeSpec):
        casted = typ.dtype
    else:
        casted = typ

    sig = casted(casted, typ)

    def codegen(context, builder, signature, args):
        val, _ = args
        context.nrt.incref(builder, signature.return_type, val)
        return val

    return sig, codegen


@numba_funcify.register(Reshape)
def numba_funcify_Reshape(op, **kwargs):
    ndim = op.ndim

    if ndim == 0:

        @numba_njit
        def reshape(x, shape):
            return np.asarray(x.item())

    else:

        @numba_njit
        def reshape(x, shape):
            # TODO: Use this until https://github.com/numba/numba/issues/7353 is closed.
            return np.reshape(
                np.ascontiguousarray(np.asarray(x)),
                numba_ndarray.to_fixed_tuple(shape, ndim),
            )

    return reshape


@numba_funcify.register(SpecifyShape)
def numba_funcify_SpecifyShape(op, node, **kwargs):
    shape_inputs = node.inputs[1:]
    shape_input_names = ["shape_" + str(i) for i in range(len(shape_inputs))]

    func_conditions = [
        f"assert x.shape[{i}] == {shape_input_names}"
        for i, (shape_input, shape_input_names) in enumerate(
            zip(shape_inputs, shape_input_names)
        )
        if shape_input is not NoneConst
    ]

    func = dedent(
        f"""
        def specify_shape(x, {create_arg_string(shape_input_names)}):
            {"; ".join(func_conditions)}
            return x
        """
    )

    specify_shape = compile_function_src(func, "specify_shape", globals())
    return numba_njit(specify_shape)


def int_to_float_fn(inputs, out_dtype):
    """Create a Numba function that converts integer and boolean ``ndarray``s to floats."""

    if any(i.type.numpy_dtype.kind in "ib" for i in inputs):
        args_dtype = np.dtype(f"f{out_dtype.itemsize}")

        @numba_njit
        def inputs_cast(x):
            return x.astype(args_dtype)

    else:
        args_dtype_sz = max(_arg.type.numpy_dtype.itemsize for _arg in inputs)
        args_dtype = np.dtype(f"f{args_dtype_sz}")

        @numba_njit
        def inputs_cast(x):
            return x.astype(args_dtype)

    return inputs_cast


@numba_funcify.register(Dot)
def numba_funcify_Dot(op, node, **kwargs):
    # Numba's `np.dot` does not support integer dtypes, so we need to cast to
    # float.

    out_dtype = node.outputs[0].type.numpy_dtype
    inputs_cast = int_to_float_fn(node.inputs, out_dtype)

    @numba_njit
    def dot(x, y):
        return np.asarray(np.dot(inputs_cast(x), inputs_cast(y))).astype(out_dtype)

    return dot


@numba_funcify.register(Softplus)
def numba_funcify_Softplus(op, node, **kwargs):
    x_dtype = np.dtype(node.inputs[0].dtype)

    @numba_njit
    def softplus(x):
        if x < -37.0:
            value = np.exp(x)
        elif x < 18.0:
            value = np.log1p(np.exp(x))
        elif x < 33.3:
            value = x + np.exp(-x)
        else:
            value = x
        return direct_cast(value, x_dtype)

    return softplus


@numba_funcify.register(Cholesky)
def numba_funcify_Cholesky(op, node, **kwargs):
    lower = op.lower

    out_dtype = node.outputs[0].type.numpy_dtype

    if lower:
        inputs_cast = int_to_float_fn(node.inputs, out_dtype)

        @numba_njit
        def cholesky(a):
            return np.linalg.cholesky(inputs_cast(a)).astype(out_dtype)

    else:
        # TODO: Use SciPy's BLAS/LAPACK Cython wrappers.

        warnings.warn(
            (
                "Numba will use object mode to allow the "
                "`lower` argument to `scipy.linalg.cholesky`."
            ),
            UserWarning,
        )

        ret_sig = get_numba_type(node.outputs[0].type)

        @numba_njit
        def cholesky(a):
            with numba.objmode(ret=ret_sig):
                ret = scipy.linalg.cholesky(a, lower=lower).astype(out_dtype)
            return ret

    return cholesky


@numba_funcify.register(Solve)
def numba_funcify_Solve(op, node, **kwargs):
    assume_a = op.assume_a
    # check_finite = op.check_finite

    if assume_a != "gen":
        lower = op.lower

        warnings.warn(
            (
                "Numba will use object mode to allow the "
                "`compute_uv` argument to `numpy.linalg.svd`."
            ),
            UserWarning,
        )

        ret_sig = get_numba_type(node.outputs[0].type)

        @numba_njit
        def solve(a, b):
            with numba.objmode(ret=ret_sig):
                ret = scipy.linalg.solve_triangular(
                    a,
                    b,
                    lower=lower,
                    # check_finite=check_finite
                )
            return ret

    else:
        out_dtype = node.outputs[0].type.numpy_dtype
        inputs_cast = int_to_float_fn(node.inputs, out_dtype)

        @numba_njit
        def solve(a, b):
            return np.linalg.solve(
                inputs_cast(a),
                inputs_cast(b),
                # assume_a=assume_a,
                # check_finite=check_finite,
            ).astype(out_dtype)

    return solve


@numba_funcify.register(BatchedDot)
def numba_funcify_BatchedDot(op, node, **kwargs):
    dtype = node.outputs[0].type.numpy_dtype

    @numba_njit
    def batched_dot(x, y):
        shape = x.shape[:-1] + y.shape[2:]
        z0 = np.empty(shape, dtype=dtype)
        for i in range(z0.shape[0]):
            z0[i] = np.dot(x[i], y[i])

        return z0

    return batched_dot


# NOTE: The remaining `pytensor.tensor.blas` `Op`s appear unnecessary, because
# they're only used to optimize basic `Dot` nodes, and those GEMV and GEMM
# optimizations are apparently already performed by Numba


@numba_funcify.register(IfElse)
def numba_funcify_IfElse(op, **kwargs):
    n_outs = op.n_outs

    if n_outs > 1:

        @numba_njit
        def ifelse(cond, *args):
            if cond:
                res = args[:n_outs]
            else:
                res = args[n_outs:]

            return res

    else:

        @numba_njit
        def ifelse(cond, *args):
            if cond:
                res = args[:n_outs]
            else:
                res = args[n_outs:]

            return res[0]

    return ifelse
