factory_girl is a fixtures replacement with a straightforward definition syntax, support for multiple build strategies (saved instances, unsaved instances, attribute hashes, and stubbed objects), and support for multiple factories for the same class (user, admin_user, and so on), including factory inheritance.
If you want to use factory_girl with Rails 3, use the factory_girl_rails gem, not this one.
If you want to use factory_girl with Rails versions prior to Rails 3, use version 1.2.4.
Download
Github: github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl/tree/master
Gem:
gem install factory_girl
Defining factories
Each factory has a name and a set of attributes. The name is used to guess the class of the object by default, but it’s possible to explicitly specify it:
# This will guess the User class Factory.define :user do |u| u.first_name 'John' u.last_name 'Doe' u.admin false end # This will use the User class (Admin would have been guessed) Factory.define :admin, :class => User do |u| u.first_name 'Admin' u.last_name 'User' u.admin true end # The same, but using a string instead of class constant Factory.define :admin, :class => 'user' do |u| u.first_name 'Admin' u.last_name 'User' u.admin true end
It is highly recommended that you have one factory for each class that provides the simplest set of attributes necessary to create an instance of that class. If you’re creating ActiveRecord objects, that means that you should only provide attributes that are required through validations and that do not have defaults. Other factories can be created through inheritance to cover common scenarios for each class.
Attempting to define multiple factories with the same name will raise an error.
Factories can be defined anywhere, but will be automatically loaded if they are defined in files at the following locations:
test/factories.rb spec/factories.rb test/factories/*.rb spec/factories/*.rb
Using factories
factory_girl supports several different build strategies: build, create, attributes_for and stub:
# Returns a User instance that's not saved user = Factory.build(:user) # Returns a saved User instance user = Factory.create(:user) # Returns a hash of attributes that can be used to build a User instance: attrs = Factory.attributes_for(:user) # Returns an object with all defined attributes stubbed out: stub = Factory.stub(:user)
You can use the Factory method as a shortcut for the default build strategy:
# Same as Factory.create :user: user = Factory(:user)
The default strategy can be overriden:
# Now same as Factory.build(:user) Factory.define :user, :default_strategy => :build do |u| ... end user = Factory(:user)
No matter which strategy is used, it’s possible to override the defined attributes by passing a hash:
# Build a User instance and override the first_name property user = Factory.build(:user, :first_name => 'Joe') user.first_name # => "Joe"
Lazy Attributes
Most factory attributes can be added using static values that are evaluated when the factory is defined, but some attributes (such as associations and other attributes that must be dynamically generated) will need values assigned each time an instance is generated. These “lazy” attributes can be added by passing a block instead of a parameter:
Factory.define :user do |u|
# ...
u.activation_code { User.generate_activation_code }
end
Dependent Attributes
Attributes can be based on the values of other attributes using the proxy that is yieled to lazy attribute blocks:
Factory.define :user do |u|
u.first_name 'Joe'
u.last_name 'Blow'
u.email {|a| "#{a.first_name}.#{a.last_name}@example.com".downcase }
end
Factory(:user, :last_name => 'Doe').email
# => "joe.doe@example.com"
Associations
Associated instances can be generated by using the association method when defining a lazy attribute:
Factory.define :post do |p|
# ...
p.author {|author| author.association(:user, :last_name => 'Writely') }
end
The behavior of the association method varies depending on the build strategy used for the parent object.
# Builds and saves a User and a Post post = Factory(:post) post.new_record? # => false post.author.new_record # => false # Builds and saves a User, and then builds but does not save a Post post = Factory.build(:post) post.new_record? # => true post.author.new_record # => false
Because this pattern is so common, a prettier syntax is available for defining associations:
# The following definitions are equivalent:
Factory.define :post do |p|
p.author {|a| a.association(:user) }
end
Factory.define :post do |p|
p.association :author, :factory => :user
end
If the factory name is the same as the association name, the factory name can be left out.
Inheritance
You can easily create multiple factories for the same class without repeating common attributes by using inheritance:
Factory.define :post do |p| # the 'title' attribute is required for all posts p.title 'A title' end Factory.define :approved_post, :parent => :post do |p| p.approved true # the 'approver' association is required for an approved post p.association :approver, :factory => :user end
Sequences
Unique values in a specific format (for example, e-mail addresses) can be generated using sequences. Sequences are defined by calling Factory.sequence, and values in a sequence are generated by calling Factory.next:
# Defines a new sequence
Factory.sequence :email do |n|
"person#{n}@example.com"
end
Factory.next :email
# => "person1@example.com"
Factory.next :email
# => "person2@example.com"
Sequences can be used in lazy attributes:
Factory.define :user do |f|
f.email { Factory.next(:email) }
end
And it’s also possible to define an in-line sequence that is only used in a particular factory:
Factory.define :user do |f|
f.sequence(:email) {|n| "person#{n}@example.com" }
end
Callbacks
Factory_girl makes available three callbacks for injecting some code:
-
after_build - called after a factory is built (via Factory.build)
-
after_create - called after a factory is saved (via Factory.create)
-
after_stub - called after a factory is stubbed (via Factory.stub)
Examples:
# Define a factory that calls the generate_hashed_password method after it is built
Factory.define :user do |u|
u.after_build { |user| do_something_to(user) }
end
Note that you’ll have an instance of the user in the block. This can be useful.
You can also define multiple types of callbacks on the same factory:
Factory.define :user do |u|
u.after_build { |user| do_something_to(user) }
u.after_create { |user| do_something_else_to(user) }
end
Factories can also define any number of the same kind of callback. These callbacks will be executed in the order they are specified:
Factory.define :user do |u|
u.after_create { this_runs_first }
u.after_create { then_this }
end
Calling Factory.create will invoke both after_build and after_create callbacks.
Also, like standard attributes, child factories will inherit (and can define additional) callbacks from their parent factory.
Alternate Syntaxes
Users’ tastes for syntax vary dramatically, but most users are looking for a common feature set. Because of this, factory_girl supports “syntax layers” which provide alternate interfaces. See Factory::Syntax for information about the various layers available. For example, the Machinist-style syntax is popular:
require 'factory_girl/syntax/blueprint'
require 'factory_girl/syntax/make'
require 'factory_girl/syntax/sham'
Sham.email {|n| "#{n}@example.com" }
User.blueprint do
name { 'Billy Bob' }
email { Sham.email }
end
User.make(:name => 'Johnny')
More Information
Contributing
Please read the contribution guidelines before submitting patches or pull requests.
Author
factory_girl was written by Joe Ferris with contributions from several authors, including:
-
Alex Sharp
-
Eugene Bolshakov
-
Jon Yurek
-
Josh Nichols
-
Josh Owens
-
Nate Sutton
The syntax layers are derived from software written by the following authors:
-
Pete Yandell
-
Rick Bradley
-
Yossef Mendelssohn
Thanks to all members of thoughtbot for inspiration, ideas, and funding.
Copyright 2008-2010 Joe Ferris and thoughtbot, inc.